Vesico Ureteric Reflux (پیشاب کامثانہ سےگردوں کی طرف واپس جانا)
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is when the flow of urine goes the backward. This type of condition is more common among infants and young children.Urine, which is the liquid waste product from the body, normally it flows one way. It travels down from the kidneys, then into tubes (Ureter) and gets stored in the bladder.
Undescended Testes (خصیوں کا اوپر رہ جانا)
Undescended Testes are a common childhood condition. So where the testes of patient are not present in their usual place. And, it means it is not in the scrotum. Because Undescended testes are present in about 1 in every 25 boys at birth.
Phimosis
Phimosis is normal in small babies and in toddlers. But in older children it may be the result of a skin condition that has caused scarring. It is not usually a problem unless it causes any symptoms. Immediate treatment is needed in cases where phimosis causes problems like difficulty in urinating.
Neurogenic Bladder
Neurogenic bladder is bladder dysfunction, It may be flaccid or spastic. It is caused by neurologic damage. Symptoms can include: Overflow incontinence, Frequency, Urgency, Urge incontinence, Retention of Urine. Risk of serious complications Recurrent infection, Vesicoureteral reflux, Autonomic dysreflexia. Diagnosis: imaging and cystoscopy or urodynamic testing. Treatment: catheterization or measures to trigger urination.
Incontinence Of Urine in kids (پیشاب کا کنٹرول نہ ہونا)
Urinary incontinence: Involuntary voiding of urine ≥ 2 times/mo during the day or night is called incontinence. In primary incontinence, children have never achieved urinary continence for ≥ 6 months. In secondary incontinence, children have developed incontinence after a period of at least 6 months of urinary control.
Hypospadias
It is the combination of three separate problems: the orifice through which urine passes (meatus) is not at the tip of the penis the foreskin is gathered at the back of the penis with none at the below level the penis may be bent downward when stiff. https://drimranqadir.com/services/surgeries/chordee-correction/ https://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/hypospadias