Epispadias: –

Epispadias is a rare birth defect located at the opening of the urethra. In this condition, the urethra does not develop into a full tube, and the urine exits the body from an abnormal location. The causes of epispadias are unknown. It may be related to improper development of the pubic bone.

Symptoms: –

• Abnormal opening from the joint between the pubic bones to the area above the tip of the penis
• Backward flow of urine into the kidney (reflux nephropathy)
• Short, widened penis with an abnormal curvature
• Urinary tract infections
• Widened pubic bone
• In females:
• Abnormal clitoris and labia
• Abnormal opening from the bladder neck to the area above the normal urethral opening
• Backward flow of urine into the kidney (reflux nephropathy)
• Widened pubic bone
• Urinary incontinence
• Urinary tract infections

Diagnosis: –

• Blood test to check electrolyte levels
• Intravenous pyelogram (IVP), a special X-ray of the kidneys, bladder and ureters
• MRI and CT scans, depending on the condition
• Pelvic X-ray
• Ultrasoundof the urogenital system

Treatment: –

Surgical repair of epispadias is recommended in patients with more than a mild case. Leakage of urine (incontinence) is not uncommon and may require a second operation. Surgery generally leads to the ability to control the flow of urine and a good cosmetic outcome. Upper urinary tract (ureter and kidney) damage and infertility may occur.