Epispadias: –
Epispadias is a rare birth defect located at the opening of the urethra. In this condition, the urethra does not develop into a full tube, and the urine exits the body from an abnormal location. The causes of epispadias are unknown. It may be related to improper development of the pubic bone.
Symptoms: –
- Abnormal opening from the joint between the pubic bones to the area above the tip of the penis
- Backward flow of urine into the kidney (reflux nephropathy)
- Short, widened penis with an abnormal curvature
- Urinary tract infections
- Widened pubic bone
- In females:
- Abnormal clitoris and labia
- Abnormal opening from the bladder neck to the area above the normal urethral opening
- Backward flow of urine into the kidney (reflux nephropathy)
- Widened pubic bone
- Urinary incontinence
- Urinary tract infections
Diagnosis: –
- Blood test to check electrolyte levels
- Intravenous pyelogram (IVP), a special X-ray of the kidneys, bladder and ureters
- MRI and CT scans, depending on the condition
- Pelvic X-ray
- Ultrasoundof the urogenital system
Treatment: –
Surgical repair of epispadias is recommended in patients with more than a mild case. Leakage of urine (incontinence) is not uncommon and may require a second operation. Surgery generally leads to the ability to control the flow of urine and a good cosmetic outcome. Upper urinary tract (ureter and kidney) damage and infertility may occur.
